RemoteViews从字面上理解是远程View,这个理解可能有点抽象,我们听过远程服务,但是远程View听说过的Android开发者应该很少,其实远程View和远程Service是一样的。谷歌设计这个View的主要目的是为了跨进程更新界面,基于这个前提我们在Android设备上这用得到RemoteViews的应用场景主要有两个地方:通知栏和桌面小部件,我打算用三篇文章去了解RemoteViews,第一篇介绍RemoteViews的使用场景。第二篇是分析RomoteViews的内部运行机制,第三篇则是分析RomoteViews的意义和跨进程更新界面的场景。 系统通知栏我们应该很了解,这个是APP促活的一个关键手段,通过定时或活动时弹出Notification让用户点击促进App的用户粘性,同时也可以让用户查看某些功能的状态,但是另一个方面来说这个功能使用很多时候会打扰用户,让用户不堪其扰,当然这是题外话,技术永远是为了业务服务的。回到主题,RemoteViews在通知栏上的应用可以有两种状态,一个是使用系统默认效果,另一个是自定义布局。 上述代码就可以弹出一个系统默认样式的通知,点击通知则清除通知,并跳转至NotificationOpenActivity,当发送通知栏的时候APP启动icon右上角也会有数量标注。 在实际项目开发中我们往往需要自定义通知栏布局,这个也比较简单,我们只需要自定义一个布局文件,然后利用RemoteViews来加载布局文件就可以更改通知栏的样式,自定义通知栏代码如下: 布局: 页面逻辑: 效果如下: 就可以对文字和图片进行设置,然后RemoteViews点击事件方法则为: 这里更新RemoteViews或许大家会觉得复杂,为什么RemoteViews没有提供类似View的findViewById这个方法呢,提供这个方法不就能获取RemoteViews里 的子View了,操作岂不是更简单,RomoteViews的内部运行机制会在第二篇文章中进行了解,大家可以留个意。 桌面小部件在Android开发里的实现类是AppWidgetProvider,它本质上来说是一个广播(BroadcastReceiver),因为这个类继承的就是BroadcastReceiver。要了解RemoteViews在桌面小部件的应用我们需要先了解桌面小部件的使用,下面我们一步步做一个桌面小部件。 这个layout布局没什么好说的,Android开发者都知道。 这里的配置文件含义也比较明显,分别是初始化布局和小部件最小宽高,值得说的是 这个参数的含义是定义小部件自动更新的周期,单位是毫秒,每个周期之后都会触发小部件的自动更新。 代码如下: 以上代码就实现了一个简单的桌面小部件,小部件显示一张图片,将下够不见添加至桌面之后,点击小部件小部件会旋转一周,可以看到小部件的布局更新是通过RemoteViews来实现的。 四大组件都需要在AndroidManifest中声明,桌面小部件本质上也是一个BroadcastReceiver,所以也需要在此进行注册,上面的小部件一共有两个action,一个是用来识别小部件的点击,一个是系统规定作为小部件必须有的标识。 AppWidgetProvider的onREceive方法的分发源码如下: 由以上源码可以看到,根据不同的Action,OnReceive会调用onEnable、onDisable、onUpdate 到这里就是整个桌面小部件开发的流程了,从整个流程我们可以发现,桌面小部件的操作都是通过RemoteViews来完成的,不管是初始化还是更新。 通过这两个RemoteViews的应用我们初步了解了RemoteViews这个远程View,由于篇幅有限,所以不会在一篇内了解完RemoteViews,下一篇文章会分析RemoteViews的机制。
前言
通知栏里的RemoteViews
使用系统默认布局的代码比较简单,我这里直接列出代码: val intent = Intent(this, NotificationOpenActivity::class.java) val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT) val channelId= "channelId" val channelName = "channelName" val channel = NotificationChannel(channelId, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW) var notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId) .setContentTitle("notification_title") .setContentText("notification_content") .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()) .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher)) .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) .setAutoCancel(true) .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS) .setContentIntent(pendingIntent) .build() val manager = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager manager.createNotificationChannel(channel) manager.notify(1, notification)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_notification" android:layout_width="60dp" android:layout_height="60dp" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:layout_marginLeft="6dp" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/iv_notification" /> </RelativeLayout>
val openActivityPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity( this, 0, Intent(this, NotificationOpenActivity::class.java), PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT ) val channelId = "channelId" val channelName = "channelName" val channel = NotificationChannel(channelId, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW) val remoteViews = RemoteViews(packageName, R.layout.view_notification) remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_content, "自定义通知栏文字") remoteViews.setImageViewResource(R.id.iv_notification, R.drawable.icon_notification) remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.btn_custom_notificateion, openActivityPendingIntent) val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId) .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()) .setAutoCancel(true) .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS) .setContentIntent(openActivityPendingIntent) .setCustomContentView(remoteViews) .build() val manager = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager manager.createNotificationChannel(channel) manager.notify(1, notification)
以上就是RemoteViews在通知栏的使用,使用起来相对简单,只要提供当前应用的包名和布局文件的资源id就可以构建一个RemoteViews对象,通过布局内部子id remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_content, "自定义通知栏文字") remoteViews.setImageViewResource(R.id.iv_notification, R.drawable.icon_notification)
remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.btn_custom_notificateion, openActivityPendingIntent)
桌面小部件上的RemoteViews
1:界面布局如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_app_widget" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon_notification" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout>
2:新建xml文件夹并新建一个桌面小部件配置信息文件,我这里这个配置信息文件命名为:app-widget_provider_info.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <appwidget-provider xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:initialLayout="@layout/view_app_widget" android:minWidth="80dp" android:minHeight="80dp" android:updatePeriodMillis="10000" > </appwidget-provider>
android:updatePeriodMillis="10000"
3:定义小部件的广播接收者
package com.sjr.remoteviewsdemo import android.app.PendingIntent import android.appwidget.AppWidgetManager import android.appwidget.AppWidgetProvider import android.content.ComponentName import android.content.Context import android.content.Intent import android.graphics.Bitmap import android.graphics.BitmapFactory import android.graphics.Matrix import android.os.SystemClock import android.util.Log import android.widget.RemoteViews import android.widget.Toast /** * Created by sjr on 2020/5/1 */ class MyAppWidgetProvider : AppWidgetProvider() { override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) { super.onReceive(context, intent) if (intent.action == CLICK_ACTION) { Toast.makeText(context, "clicked it", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() Thread(Runnable { val srcbBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource( context.resources, R.drawable.icon_notification ) val appWidgetManager = AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context) for (i in 0..36) { val degree = (i * 10 % 360).toFloat() val remoteViews = RemoteViews( context .packageName, R.layout.view_app_widget ) remoteViews.setImageViewBitmap( R.id.iv_app_widget, rotateBitmap(srcbBitmap, degree) ) val intentClick = Intent() intentClick.action = CLICK_ACTION val pendingIntent = PendingIntent .getBroadcast(context, 0, intentClick, 0) remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.iv_app_widget, pendingIntent) appWidgetManager.updateAppWidget( ComponentName( context, MyAppWidgetProvider::class.java ), remoteViews ) SystemClock.sleep(30) } }).start() } } override fun onUpdate( context: Context, appWidgetManager: AppWidgetManager, appWidgetIds: IntArray ) { super.onUpdate(context, appWidgetManager, appWidgetIds) val counter = appWidgetIds.size for (i in 0 until counter) { val appWidgetId = appWidgetIds[i] onWidgetUpdate(context, appWidgetManager, appWidgetId) } } private fun onWidgetUpdate( context: Context, appWidgeManger: AppWidgetManager, appWidgetId: Int ) { val remoteViews = RemoteViews( context.packageName, R.layout.view_app_widget ) // 窗口小部件点击事件发送的Intent广播 val intentClick = Intent() intentClick.action = CLICK_ACTION val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast( context, 0, intentClick, 0 ) remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.iv_app_widget, pendingIntent) appWidgeManger.updateAppWidget(appWidgetId, remoteViews) } private fun rotateBitmap(srcbBitmap: Bitmap, degree: Float): Bitmap { val matrix = Matrix() matrix.reset() matrix.setRotate(degree) return Bitmap.createBitmap( srcbBitmap, 0, 0, srcbBitmap.width, srcbBitmap.height, matrix, true ) } companion object { val CLICK_ACTION = "com.sjr.remoteviewsdemo.action.CLICK" } }
4:在AndroidManifest.xml中声明小部件
<receiver android:name=".MyAppWidgetProvider" > <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.provider" android:resource="@xml/app_widget_provider_info" > </meta-data> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.sjr.remoteviewsdemo.action.CLICK" /> <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" /> </intent-filter> </receiver>
/** * Implements {@link BroadcastReceiver#onReceive} to dispatch calls to the various * other methods on AppWidgetProvider. * * @param context The Context in which the receiver is running. * @param intent The Intent being received. */ // BEGIN_INCLUDE(onReceive) public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // Protect against rogue update broadcasts (not really a security issue, // just filter bad broacasts out so subclasses are less likely to crash). String action = intent.getAction(); if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_UPDATE.equals(action)) { Bundle extras = intent.getExtras(); if (extras != null) { int[] appWidgetIds = extras.getIntArray(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_IDS); if (appWidgetIds != null && appWidgetIds.length > 0) { this.onUpdate(context, AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context), appWidgetIds); } } } else if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_DELETED.equals(action)) { Bundle extras = intent.getExtras(); if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID)) { final int appWidgetId = extras.getInt(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID); this.onDeleted(context, new int[] { appWidgetId }); } } else if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_OPTIONS_CHANGED.equals(action)) { Bundle extras = intent.getExtras(); if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID) && extras.containsKey(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_OPTIONS)) { int appWidgetId = extras.getInt(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID); Bundle widgetExtras = extras.getBundle(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_OPTIONS); this.onAppWidgetOptionsChanged(context, AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context), appWidgetId, widgetExtras); } } else if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_ENABLED.equals(action)) { this.onEnabled(context); } else if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_DISABLED.equals(action)) { this.onDisabled(context); } else if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_RESTORED.equals(action)) { Bundle extras = intent.getExtras(); if (extras != null) { int[] oldIds = extras.getIntArray(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_OLD_IDS); int[] newIds = extras.getIntArray(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_IDS); if (oldIds != null && oldIds.length > 0) { this.onRestored(context, oldIds, newIds); this.onUpdate(context, AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context), newIds); } } } }
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