资料来源：b站 狂神说java 强烈推荐 计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备，通过通信路线连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。 网络编程的目的： 无线电台…传播交流信息，数据交互。通信 想要达到这个效果需要什么： 1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124：端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源 2.找到了这个主机，如何传输数据呢? javaweb:网页编程 B/S 网络编程：TCP/IP C/S 如何实现网络的通信？ 通信双方地址： 小结： 运行结果 端口表示计算机上的一个程序进程； 不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件！ 被规定0~65535 tcp,udp:65535*2 单个协议下，端口号不能冲突 端口分类 公有端口0~1023 程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或者程序 动态，私有：49152~65535 常用dos命令 协议：约定 网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制… TCP/IP协议簇：实际上是一组协议 重要： TCP UDP 对比 TCP：打电话 UDP：发短信 客户端 服务器 服务端 客户端 服务端 客户端 发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址 发送消息 接收端 用户1 用户2 开聊 https://www.baidu.com/ 统一资源定位符：dingw资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源 DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
网络编程
1.2网络通信的要素
1.3, IP
package com.lichennan.lesson01; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; //测试ip public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 
1.4，端口
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano findstr"4392" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr"8696" #查看指定端口进程 ctrl+shift+esc package com.lichennan.lesson01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); } } 
1.5, 通信协议
三次握手 四次挥手
1.6，TCP
package com.lichennan.lesson02; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; //服务端 public class TcpServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //1.我得有一个地址 ServerSocket serverSocket = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //2.等待客户端连接过来 while (true) { socket = serverSocket.accept(); //读取客户端的消息 is = socket.getInputStream(); baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[10240];//缓冲区 int len; // while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //关闭资源 if(baos!=null){ try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is!=null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(serverSocket!=null){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } package com.lichennan.lesson02; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; //客户端 public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //要知道服务器的地址 Socket socket =null; OutputStream os =null; try { InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); //2.端口号 int port = 9999; //创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP,port); //发生消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好，欢迎".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(os!=null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket!=null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } 
文件上传
package com.lichennan.lesson02; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpServerDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建服务 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000); //监听客户端的连接 Socket socket =serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端的连接 //3.获取输入流 InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); //4.文件输出 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024]; int len; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知客户端我接收完毕了 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("我接受完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes()); //关闭资源 fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } } package com.lichennan.lesson02; import java.io.*; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个Socket连接 Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000); //2.创建一个输出流 OutputStream os =socket.getOutputStream(); //3.读取文件 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("E:\学习\Java\net\src\com\lichennan\background.jpg")); //4.写出文件 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; int len; while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知服务器，我已经结束了 socket.shutdownOutput(); //我已经传输完了 //确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接 InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024]; int len2; while ((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer2,0,len2); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); //5.关闭资源 baos.close(); is.close(); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); } } Tomcat
1.7， UDP
package com.lichennan.lesson03; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; //不需要连接服务器 public class UdpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //1.建立一个Socket DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //2.建个包 String msg = "你好啊"; //发送给谁 InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port = 9090; //数据，数据的长度起始，要发送给谁 DatagramPacket packet =new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port); //3.发生包 socket.send(packet); //4.关闭流 socket.close(); } } package com.lichennan.lesson03; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; public class UdoServiceDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090); //接收数据包 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收 socket.receive(packet); System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength())); //关闭连接 socket.close(); } } 
循环发送消息
package com.lichennan.chat; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class UdpSenderDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888); //准备数据： 控制台读取System.in BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("请输入消息"); while (true) { String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")) { break; } } socket.close(); } } 循环接收消息
package com.lichennan.chat; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; public class UdpReceiveDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666); //准备接收包裹 while (true) { byte[] containner = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(containner, 0, containner.length); socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 bye byte[] data = packet.getData(); String reciveData = new String(data, 0, data.length); System.out.println(reciveData); if(reciveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } } 
在线咨询
package com.lichennan.chat; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.SocketException; public class TalkSend implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket =null; BufferedReader reader = null; private int fromPort; private String toIP; private int toPort; public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) { this.fromPort = fromPort; this.toIP = toIP; this.toPort = toPort; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { //准备数据： 控制台读取System.in System.out.println("请输入消息"); while (true) { String data = null; try { data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")) { break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } } package com.lichennan.chat; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.SocketException; public class TalkRecive implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket = null; private int port; private String msgFrom; public TalkRecive(int port,String msgFrom) { this.msgFrom = msgFrom; this.port = port; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(port); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { //准备接收包裹 while (true) { try { byte[] containner = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(containner, 0, containner.length); socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 bye byte[] data = packet.getData(); String reciveData = new String(data, 0, data.length); System.out.println(msgFrom+"："+reciveData); if(reciveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } } package com.lichennan.chat; public class TalkStudent { public static void main(String[] args) { //开启两个线程 new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start(); new Thread(new TalkRecive(8888,"老师")).start(); } } 
package com.lichennan.chat; public class TalkTeacher { public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start(); new Thread(new TalkRecive(9999,"学生")).start(); } } 
1.8URL
协议：ip地址：端口/项目名/资源 package com.lichennan.lesson04; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class URLDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException { URL url = new URL("https://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=lichennan&password=123"); System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议 System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口 System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件 System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径 System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数 } } 
URL 下载
package com.lichennan.lesson04; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class UrlDown { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //1.下载地址 URL url = new URL("https://m10.music.126.net/20200524202536/5162d038e03149b67fbad425a364a10a/yyaac/0e0b/0f5e/015d/9a3647c2c784b6b927c967f3c1333688.m4a"); //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); InputStream inputStream =urlConnection.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("9a3647c2c784b6b927c967f3c1333688.m4a"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024]; int len; while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据 } fos.close(); inputStream.close(); urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接 } } 
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