相关文章 Android系统启动流程(1) —— 解析init进程启动过程 在Android系统中,所有的应用程序进程以及系统服务进程SystemServer都是由zygote进程孕育(fork)出来的,这也许就是为什么要把它称为Zygote(受精卵)的原因吧。由于zygote进程在Android系统中有着如此重要的地位,本文将详细分析它的启动过程。 在Android系统中,DVM(Dalvik虚拟机)、应用程序进程以及运行系统的关键服务的SystemServer进程都是由zygote进程来创建的,我们也将它称为孵化器。它通过fock(复制进程)的形式来创建应用程序进程和SystemServer进程,由于zygote进程在启动时会创建DVM,因此通过fock而创建的应用程序进程和SystemServer进程可以在内部获取一个DVM的实例拷贝。 在init.rc文件中采用了Import类型语句来引入Zygote启动脚本,这些启动脚本都是由Android初始化语言(Android Init Language)来编写的,引入Zygote脚本代码如下: system/core/init/init.cpp 在init.rc中通过属性ro.zygote的值来引入不同的zygote启动脚本的。从Android5.0开始,Android开始支持64位程序,Zygote也就有了32位和64位的区别了,所以在这里用 ro.zygote 属性来控制使用不同的 Zygote 启动脚本,从而也就启动了不同版本zygote进程, ro.zygote 属性的取值有以下4种: 表示支持纯 32 位程序, init.zygote32.rc 文件内容如下所示: 根据 Service类型语句的格式,可以得知 Zygote 进程名称为zygote ,执行程序为 app _process, class name为main ,如果 audioserver cameraserver、 media、netd、wificond 进程终止了,就需要进行 restart (重启 )。 表示既支持 32 位程序也支持64位程序, init.zygote32_64.rc 文件内容如下所示: 表示支持纯 64 位程序, init.zygote64.rc 文件内容如下所示: 根据 Service类型语句的格式,可以得知 Zygote 进程名称为zygote ,执行程序为 app _process64, class name为main ,如果 audioserver cameraserver、 media、netd、wificond 进程终止了,就需要进行 restart (重启 )。 表示既支持 32 位程序也支持64位程序, init.zygote64_32.rc 文件内容如下所示: 脚本中有两个Service类型语句,说明会启动两个zygote 进程, 第一个名称为 zygote,执行程序为 app_process64 ,作为主模式 ;第二个名称为 zygote_secondary,执行程序为 app _process ,作为辅模式。 在init启动zygote进程是主要是调用App_mian.cpp的main函数中的AppRuntime的start方法来启动zygote进程的,那我们就从App_main.cpp的main函数开始分析,代码如下: frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/App_main.cpp 由于zygote进程都是通过fock自身来创建子进程的,所以zygote进程以及它的子进程都可以进入App_main.cpp的main函数,因此main函数中为了区分当前运行在哪个进程中,会在注释1处判断参数 arg中是否包含了“–zygote”,如果包含了则说明main函数是运行在 zygote 进程中的并在注释2处将 zygote设置为ture,同理在注释3处判断参数arg中是否包含了“–start-system-server”,如果包含了则说明 main 函数是运行在SystemServer进程中的并在注释4处将 startSystemServer设置为true。 在注释5处,如果zygote为true,就说明当前运行在zygote进程中,就会调用注释6处的runtime的start函数,runtime指的就是AppRuntime,AppRuntime声明也在App_main.cpp中,它继承AndroidRuntime,但是AppRuntime并没有重写start函数,也就是说我们调用start函数其实调用的就是AndroidRuntime的start函数,如下所示: frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/App_main.cpp 在注释1处通过registerServerSocket 方法来创建 Server 端的 Socket ,这个name 为“zygote”的 Socket 用于等待 ActivityManagerService 请求 Zygote 来创建新的应用程序进程,后续会出AMS相关的文章解析AMS,这里就先不做介绍了。在注释2处预加载类和资源。在注释3处启动 SystemServer进程,这样系统的服务也会由 SystemServer进程启动起来。在注释4处调用 zygoteServer.runSelectLoop 方法来等待 AMS 请求创建新的应用程序进程。由此得知, Zygotelnit的main方法主要做了4件事: 首先我们来查看 ZygoteServer的registerZygoteSocket 方法做了什么,代码如下所示: frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServe.java 接下来查看 forkSystemServer方法, 代码如下所示: frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygotelnit.java 注释1处的代码用来创建 args 数组,这个数组用来保存启动SystemServer 进程的启动参数,其中可以看出SystemServer 进程的用户id 和用户组 id 被设置为1000 ,并且拥有用户组 1001~1010、1018、1021、1032 、3001~3010 的权限;进程名为 system_server ;启动的类名 com.android server.SystemServer 。在注释2处将 args 数组封装成 Arguments 对象并供注释3处的 forkSystemServer 函数调用 。在注释3处调用 Zygote.forkSystemServer 方法, 其内部会调用 nativeForkSystemServer 这个 Native 方怯, nativeForkSystemServer方法最终会通过fork函数在当前进程创建一个子进程,也就是SystemServer 进程,如果forkSystemServer 方法返回的 pid 的值为0 ,就表示当前的代码运行在新创建的子进程中, 则执行注释4处的 handleSystemServerProcess 来处理 SystemServer 进程。 启动Systemserver 进程后,会执行ZygoteServer的runSelectLoop 方法来等待AMS的请求,代码如下所示: frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServe.javaZygote 进程启动过程
1. Zygote简介
关于init启动zygote我们在上一篇文章已经提到了,这里就不赘述了,这篇文章主要分析Android8.1系统的zygote进程的启动流程。 2. Zygote启动脚本
import /init.${ro.zygote}.rc
1. init.zygote32.rc
service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote stream 660 root system onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake onrestart write /sys/power/state on onrestart restart audioserver onrestart restart cameraserver onrestart restart media onrestart restart netd onrestart restart wificond writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
2. init.zygote32_64.rc
service zygote /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server --socket-name=zygote class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote stream 660 root system onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake onrestart write /sys/power/state on onrestart restart audioserver onrestart restart cameraserver onrestart restart media onrestart restart netd onrestart restart wificond writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote_secondary stream 660 root system onrestart restart zygote writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
3. init.zygote64.rc
service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote stream 660 root system onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake onrestart write /sys/power/state on onrestart restart audioserver onrestart restart cameraserver onrestart restart media onrestart restart netd onrestart restart wificond writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
4. init.zygote64_32.rc
service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server --socket-name=zygote class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote stream 660 root system onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake onrestart write /sys/power/state on onrestart restart audioserver onrestart restart cameraserver onrestart restart media onrestart restart netd onrestart restart wificond writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary --enable-lazy-preload class main priority -20 user root group root readproc socket zygote_secondary stream 660 root system onrestart restart zygote writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
3. Zygote 进程启动过程介绍
int main(int argc, char* const argv[]) { AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv)); ... while (i < argc) { const char* arg = argv[i++]; if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) { // ... 1 // 如果当前运行在zygote进程中,则将zygote设置为true zygote = true; // ... 2 niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME; } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) { // ... 3 // 如果当前运行在SystemServer进程中,则将startSystemServer设置为true startSystemServer = true; // ... 4 } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) { application = true; } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) { niceName.setTo(arg + 12); } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) { className.setTo(arg); break; } else { --i; break; } } ... if (!niceName.isEmpty()) { runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string(), true /* setProcName */); } // 如果运行在zygote进程中 if (zygote) { // ... 5 runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote); // ... 6 } else if (className) { runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote); } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.n"); app_usage(); LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied."); } }
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
/* * Start the Android runtime. This involves starting the virtual machine * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class * named by "className". * * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified * options string. */ void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote) { ... /* start the virtual machine */ JniInvocation jni_invocation; jni_invocation.Init(NULL); JNIEnv* env; // 启动java虚拟机 if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) { // ... 1 return; } onVmCreated(env); /* * Register android functions. * 为java虚拟机注册JNI方法 */ if (startReg(env) < 0) { // ... 2 ALOGE("Unable to register all android nativesn"); return; } ... stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String"); assert(stringClass != NULL); strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL); assert(strArray != NULL); // 从App_main的main函数得知,className为com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className); assert(classNameStr != NULL); env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr); for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) { jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string()); assert(optionsStr != NULL); env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr); } /* * Start VM. This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will * not return until the VM exits. */ // 将className的"."替换为"/" char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : ""); // .. 4 // 找到ZygoteInit jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName); // ... 5 if (startClass == NULL) { ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'n", slashClassName); /* keep going */ } else { // 找到ZygoteInit的main方法 jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V"); // ... 6 if (startMeth == NULL) { ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'n", className); /* keep going */ } else { // 通过JNI调用ZygoteInit的main方法 env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray); // ... 7 #if 0 if (env->ExceptionCheck()) threadExitUncaughtException(env); #endif } } free(slashClassName); ALOGD("Shutting down VMn"); if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK) ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main threadn"); if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0) ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanlyn"); }
public static void main(String argv[]) { ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer() ... String socketName = "zygote"; ... try { ... // 创建一个Server端的Socket,socketName的值为"zygote" zygoteServer.registerServerSocket(socketName); // ... 1 // In some configurations, we avoid preloading resources and classes eagerly. // In such cases, we will preload things prior to our first fork. if (!enableLazyPreload) { bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("ZygotePreload"); EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()); // 预加载类和资源 preload(bootTimingsTraceLog); // ... 2 EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()); bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // ZygotePreload } else { Zygote.resetNicePriority(); } ... if (startSystemServer) { // 启动SystemServer进程 Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer); // {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the // child (system_server) process. if (r != null) { r.run(); return; } } Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections"); // The select loop returns early in the child process after a fork and // loops forever in the zygote. // 等待AMS请求 caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList); // 4 } catch (Throwable ex) { Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex); throw ex; } finally { zygoteServer.closeServerSocket(); } // We're in the child process and have exited the select loop. Proceed to execute the // command. if (caller != null) { caller.run(); } }
1 . registerZygoteSocket
/** * Registers a server socket for zygote command connections * * @throws RuntimeException when open fails */ void registerServerSocket(String socketName) { if (mServerSocket == null) { int fileDesc; // 拼接Socket的名称 final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName; try { // 获取Socket的环境变量的值 String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName); // 将Socket环境变量的值转化为文件描述符的参数 fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex); } try { // 创建文件描述符 FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor(); // 设置文件描述符的参数 fd.setInt$(fileDesc); // 创建服务器端Socket mServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd); // ... 1 } catch (IOException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex); } } }
2. 启动SystemServer进程
/** * Prepare the arguments and forks for the system server process. * * Returns an {@code Runnable} that provides an entrypoint into system_server code in the * child process, and {@code null} in the parent. */ private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) { ... /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */ // 创建 args 数组,这个数组用来保存启动SystemServer进程的启动参数 String args[] = { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010", "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities, "--nice-name=system_server", "--runtime-args", "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; // ... 1 ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null; int pid; try { parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args); // ... 2 ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs); ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs); /* Request to fork the system server process */ // 创建system_server进程 pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, null, parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities); // ... 3 } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } /* For child process */ // 当前代码逻辑运行在子进程中 if (pid == 0) { if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) { waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); } zygoteServer.closeServerSocket(); // 处理system_server进程 return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); // ... 4 } return null; }
3. runSelectloop
/** * Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as * they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's * worth at a time. */ Runnable runSelectLoop(String abiList) { ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>(); ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<ZygoteConnection>(); fds.add(mServerSocket.getFileDescriptor()); // ... 1 peers.add(null); // 无线循环等待AMS的请求 while (true) { StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < pollFds.length; ++i) { // ... 2 pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd(); pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i); pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN; } try { Os.poll(pollFds, -1); } catch (ErrnoException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("poll failed", ex); } for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) { // ... 3 if ((pollFds[i].revents & POLLIN) == 0) { continue; } if (i == 0) { ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList); // ... 4 peers.add(newPeer); fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor()); } else { try { ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(i); final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this); // ... 5 if (mIsForkChild) { // We're in the child. We should always have a command to run at this // stage if processOneCommand hasn't called "exec". if (command == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("command == null"); } return command; } else { // We're in the server - we should never have any commands to run. if (command != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("command != null"); } // We don't know whether the remote side of the socket was closed or // not until we attempt to read from it from processOneCommand. This shows up as // a regular POLLIN event in our regular processing loop. if (connection.isClosedByPeer()) { connection.closeSocket(); peers.remove(i); fds.remove(i); } } } catch (Exception e) { if (!mIsForkChild) { // We're in the server so any exception here is one that has taken place // pre-fork while processing commands or reading / writing from the // control socket. Make a loud noise about any such exceptions so that // we know exactly what failed and why. Slog.e(TAG, "Exception executing zygote command: ", e); // Make sure the socket is closed so that the other end knows immediately // that something has gone wrong and doesn't time out waiting for a // response. ZygoteConnection conn = peers.remove(i); conn.closeSocket(); fds.remove(i); } else { // We're in the child so any exception caught here has happened post // fork and before we execute ActivityThread.main (or any other main() // method). Log the details of the exception and bring down the process. Log.e(TAG, "Caught post-fork exception in child process.", e); throw e; } } } } } } }
4. Zygote 进程启动总结
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